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Abstract Introduction: Impaired cochlear perfusion is a major etiological factor in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Oxidative stress has been shown to be a risk factor for oxidative damage. Objectives: We investigated the role of oxidative stress in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss by comparing serum levels of oxidant and antioxidant molecules including thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, stimulated thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, arylesterase, ceruloplasmin and myeloperoxidase in patients who did and did not recover after treatment. Methods: The amount of dynamic disulfide was calculated by determining half of the difference between the total thiols and native thiols. After the determination of native, total thiol, and disulfide amounts, the disulfide/total thiol percent ratio, native thiol/total thiol ratio and disulfide/native thiol percent ratio were calculated and then compared between the two groups. Additionally, clinical relationship between audiological recovery and native thiol, disulfide, disulfide/native thiol percent ratio, and disulfide/total thiol percent ratio levels was investigated. Blood samples were also analyzed for the assessment of thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, stimulated thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, arylesterase, ceruloplasmin, and myeloperoxidase levels. Results: A significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to total oxidant status disulfide, disulfide/native thiol percent ratio, disulfide/total thiol percent ratio, and native thiol/total thiol ratio levels (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, stimulated thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, ceruloplasmin, and myeloperoxidase levels (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion: The results supported the common hypothesis that vascular pathologies are the primary cause of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and that other etiological factors ultimately result in vascular pathologies. The oxidant-antioxidant and thiol-disulfide balances were impaired in the idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss group.
Resumo Introdução: A perfusão coclear prejudicada é um fator etiológico importante na perda auditiva neurossensorial súbita idiopática (PANSSI). O estresse oxidativo mostrou ser um fator de risco para danos oxidativos. Objetivos: Investigamos o papel do estresse oxidativo na PANSSI mediante a comparação dos níveis séricos de moléculas oxidantes e antioxidantes, inclusive homeostase de tiol/dissulfeto, paraoxonase, paraoxonase estimulada, arilesterase, ceruloplasmina e mieloperoxidase em pacientes com e sem recuperação após o tratamento. Método: A quantidade de dissulfeto dinâmico foi calculada mediante a determinação de metade da diferença entre os tiois totais e os tiois nativos. Após a determinação das quantidades de tiol nativo, tiol total e dissulfeto, as razões percentuais de dissulfeto/tiol total, tiol nativo/tioltotal e dissulfeto/tiol nativo foram calculadas e depois comparadas entre os dois grupos. Além disso, a relação clínica entre a recuperação audiológica e os níveis de tiol nativo, tiol nativo/tiol total, dissulfeto, dissulfeto/tiol nativo e dissulfeto/tiol total foi investigada. Amostras de sangue também foram analisadas para avaliar os níveis de paraoxonase, paraoxonase estimulada, arilesterase, ceruloplasmina e mieloperoxidase. Resultados: Uma diferença significante foi encontrada entre os dois grupos em relação ao estado oxidante total e aos níveis de dissulfeto, dissulfeto/tiol nativo, dissulfeto/tiol total, tiol nativo/tiol total (p = 0,001, p = 0,001, p = 0,001, p = 0,003, p = 0,001, p = 0,002, respectivamente). Porém, não foi encontrada diferença significante entre os dois grupos em relação aos níveis de paraoxonase, paraoxonase estimulada, ceruloplasmina e mieloperoxidade (p> 0,05 para todos). Conclusão: Os resultados apoiaram a hipótese comum de que as doenças vasculares são a principal causa de PANSSI e que, em última análise, outros fatores etiológicos resultam em doenças vasculares. Os equilíbrios de oxidante-antioxidante e tiol-dissulfeto estavam prejudicados no grupo PANSSI.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Reduced antioxidant defenses may reflect a poor protective response against oxidative stress and this may be implicated in progression of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia plays a major role in micro and macrovascular complications, which imply endothelial dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: Our aim in this study was to investigate the association between GDM and oxidative stress markers measured in plasma, with regard to revealing changes to total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) among mothers showing impairments in oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study at a university hospital in Turkey. METHODS: The study group consisted of 50 mothers with GDM, and 59 healthy mothers served as controls. Umbilical cord blood samples were taken from all mothers during delivery and breast milk samples on the fifth day after delivery. TAC, TOS, thiol and disulfide levels were measured. RESULTS: No statistically significant relationship between the blood and milk samples could be found. An analysis on correlations between TAC, TOS and certain parameters revealed that there were negative correlations between TOS and total thiol (r = -0.386; P < 0.001) and between TOS and disulfide (r = -0.388; P < 0.001) in milk in the control group. However, these findings were not observed in the study group. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that a compensatory mechanism of oxidative stress was expected to be present in gestational diabetes mellitus and that this might be ameliorated through good glycemic regulation and antioxidant supplementation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Diabetes, Gestational , Sulfhydryl Compounds/analysis , Prospective Studies , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Milk/metabolism , Milk/chemistry , Disulfides/analysis , Fetal Blood/metabolism , Fetal Blood/chemistry , Antioxidants/analysisABSTRACT
Background: Diabetic peripheral sensorimotor polyneuropathy is the most common complication seen in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Oxidant system plays a crucial role in its physiopathology. We investigated the changes in the serum levels of total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and oxidative stress index (OSI) to evaluate the antioxidant efficacy of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and/or gabapentin in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN).Methods: Sixty-three type 2 DM patients with diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) were enrolled in the study. Patients with DPN were divided into four groups in terms of their treatment: Group 1 consisted of treatment-naive patients; patients treated with ALA, gabapentin or combination of ALA and gabapentin comprised groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The patients received the medications for at least six weeks. Serum levels of TAS, TOS, PON1 and OSI were analyzed.Results: No significant difference was observed between the groups according to the oxidative stress parameters studied.Conclusions: The use of ALA and/or gabapentin in patients with DPN did not significantly affect the oxidative stress parameters, including TAS, TOS, PON1, and OSI.
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Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), though abenign disorder is highly prevalent and imposes high costand substantial morbidity upon general population. Longconsidered as functional disorder, IBS pathogenesis carries anorganic basis at least in a subset of patients. Altered intestinalimmune response and low grade intestinal inflammation havebeen confirmed as pathophysiology of IBS in few studies.Oxidative stress indicates that there is inflammation and,markers of oxidative stress may be developed as diagnostictool for IBS in future. Study aimed to evaluate oxidativestress in form of total oxidant status (TOS), total anti-oxidantstatus (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and serum prolidaseactivity (SPA) as a marker of intestinal inflammation in IBSpatients and healthy controls.Material and methods: In this case –control study done ata teaching medical institute in north India over a period ofone year, 120 IBS patients (cases) and 40 healthy volunteers(controls) were evaluated for TOS, TAS, OSI and SPA.Patients with IBS were sub-divided into 3 groups (40 each):diarrhea predominant, constipation predominant and mixedtype (IBS-D, C and M respectively). Student t-test, chi-squaretest and ANOVA tests were used for statistical analysis.Results: Mean TOS, TOS/TAS (OSI) and prolidase levelswere significantly higher in IBS group than control with pvalue of <0.001,< 0.001, and <0.01 respectively. Level ofTOS was highest in IBS-D subgroup followed by IBS-M andLowest in IBS-C subgroup showing a significant differencebetween IBS-D and IBS-C, IBS-D and IBS-M and IBS-Mand IBS-C with p values <0.001 for each comparison. OSIwas highest in IBS-D and lowest in IBS-C with significantdifferences between the subgroups (P<0.001). Only IBS-Msubgroup had significantly higher serum prolidase activitywhen compared to controls (p<0.001) IBS-D (P=0.013) andIBS-C (P=0.01). TAS level was significantly higher in controls(P<0.001) than cases. There were significant differencesbetween all four subgroups (p<0.001) except between IBS-Cand IBS-M subgroups (P=0.294).Conclusion: This study observed that there is increasedoxidative stress and decreased antioxidant capacity in patientwith IBS. To support our results further prospective andrandomized controlled trials are necessary.
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Objective To explore and evaluate the total oxidative and antioxidant status and lipid levels in patients with COPD. Methods Measurement and comparative analysis were preformed between 51 cases of COPD patients and 45 healthy people in serum TOS,TAS,IMA concentration,blood lipid,and the concentration of ox-LDL. Results In the COPD group,serum IMA concentration was significantly higher than those in the control group(0.94 ± 0.31 vs. 0.62 ± 0.25,P<0.001). The serum TOS was higher than that in the control group(6.51 ± 4.85 vs. 4.53 ± 3.81,P<0.05). The serum ox-LDL concentration in COPD group increased significantly compared with the control group(5.91 ± 3.61 vs. 4.51 ± 2.05,P<0.05). The serum HDL concentration in the COPD group was significantly lower than that in the control group(36.49 ± 9.60 vs. 44.19 ± 10.14,P<0.001). There was no sig-nificant difference in TAS,triglyceride and low LDL between the two groups. Conclusions The serum levels of TOS,ox-LDL and IMA are significantly increased in COPD patients compared with the control group,while HDL-C concentration is significantly decreased. Increase of IMA and ox-LDL in serum of patients with COPD may be relat-ed to imbalance of TOS and TAS due to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Objective: To prove probable relations between serum E3 SUMO-protein ligase NSE2 (NSMCE2) concentration, peroxynitrite related to oxidative stress in nephrolithiasis patients. Methods: A total of 60 patients with nephrolithiasis and 50 healthy volunteers were involved in this study. Colorimetric method was used to detect blood urea, creatinine, uric acid, protein, albumin, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, peroxynitrite, nitric oxide and oxidative stress index. Glutathione, NSMCE2 and superoxide dismutase were measured by ELISA. Results: A significant increase in level of peroxynitrite, total oxidant status, NSMCE2 and oxidative stress index in patients was observed, while total antioxidant status and glutathione were significantly decreased. Conclusions: The study concluded that serum NSMCE2 significantly correlated with peroxynitrite and oxidative stress in patients with nephrolithiasis.
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Objective To prove probable relations between serum E3 SUMO-protein ligase NSE2 (NSMCE2) concentration, peroxynitrite related to oxidative stress in nephrolithiasis patients. Methods A total of 60 patients with nephrolithiasis and 50 healthy volunteers were involved in this study. Colorimetric method was used to detect blood urea, creatinine, uric acid, protein, albumin, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, peroxynitrite, nitric oxide and oxidative stress index. Glutathione, NSMCE2 and superoxide dismutase were measured by ELISA. Results A significant increase in level of peroxynitrite, total oxidant status, NSMCE2 and oxidative stress index in patients was observed, while total antioxidant status and glutathione were significantly decreased. Conclusions The study concluded that serum NSMCE2 significantly correlated with peroxynitrite and oxidative stress in patients with nephrolithiasis.
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OBJECTIVE: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used in the treatment of many psychiatric diseases and this therapy may be effective on antioxidant defence system. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of ECT on oxidative stress. METHODS: Fourteen major depression, 11 schizophrenia and 8 bipolar affective disorder patients diagnosed and received ECT treatment, and 37 healthy volunteers enrolled in the study. ECT was applied to all patients. Before ECT, after the first and last ECTs, serum samples were obtained. Serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and calculated oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured in patients before and after ECTs. RESULTS: TOS values before ECT were higher in major depression (p=0.005) and schizophrenia (p=0.001) groups compared to the control group. TAS values were lower in major depression (p=0.0001), schizophrenia (p=0.004), bipolar affective disorder (p=0.004) groups compared to the controls. Also OSI values were higher in major depression (p=0.0001), schizophrenia (p=0.001), bipolar affective disorder (p=0.009) groups compared to healthy group. After the last ECT, TOS values were significantly lower compared to TOS values before ECT in major depression (p=0.004) and schizophrenia patients (p=0.004). TAS values after the first ECT were higher compared to values before ECT in major depression patients (p=0.004). After last ECT, OSI values were significantly lower compared to before ECT in schizophrenia patients (p=0.006). CONCLUSION: As a result, it can be said that ECT did not increase oxidative stress. However, further studies with more patients are needed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Depression , Electroconvulsive Therapy , Healthy Volunteers , Mood Disorders , Oxidative Stress , SchizophreniaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate serum paraoxanase-1 (PON) activity, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and the oxidative stress index (OSI) in tinnitus; and to compare the results with data from healthy subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 114 subjects-54 patients with tinnitus and 60 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Serum PON activity, TOS, TAS, and OSI levels were measured. RESULTS: In the tinnitus group, TAS, and PON were significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.001). However, the TOS, and OSI levels were significantly higher in the tinnitus group than in the control group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: According to the data obtained from the present study, patients with tinnitus were exposed to potent oxidative stress. Oxidative stress may be the key contributing factor to the pathogenesis of tinnitus.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aryldialkylphosphatase , Oxidative Stress , TinnitusABSTRACT
Objective Oxidative damage may be responsible for the pathogenesis and complications of many diseases. Vitamin D deficiency has been suggested as a potential mediator of various extra-skeletal pathologies. However, there are limited data on anti-oxidant properties of vitamin D.Materials and methods Forty-one subjects with vitamin D deficiency and 30 healthy controls were enrolled into the study. The levels of total anti-oxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and fibrinogen were measured in both groups. The measurements were repeated in 17 patients after the replacement of vitamin D.Results Serum IMA and TOS levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001 and p = 0.035, respectively), while TAS levels were significantly lower in patients, compared to controls (p < 0.001). Additionally, fibrinogen was significantly higher in patients than controls (p = 0.003), while ox-LDL and hs-CRP levels were similar between two groups. After the replacement of vitamin D, TAS level significantly increased (p = 0.037), and TOS and fibrinogen levels significantly decreased (p = 0.043 and p = 0.010, respectively). Vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with IMA and fibrinogen levels (r = -0.500, p < 0.001 and r = -0.391, p = 0.002, respectively), although positively correlated with TAS levels (r = 0.430, p < 0.001). No correlation was found between vitamin D levels, and the TOS, ox-LDL and hs-CRP levels.Conclusions In this study, while serum IMA, TOS and fibrinogen levels were increased, TAS levels were seen to be decreased in patients with vitamin D deficiency. These results suggest that oxidative/anti-oxidative balance shifts in favours of oxidative status in vitamin D deficiency.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Vitamin D Deficiency/blood , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Fibrinogen/analysis , Oxidants/blood , Lipoproteins, LDL/blood , Serum Albumin , Biomarkers/blood , Case-Control Studies , Serum Albumin, HumanABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Oxidative metabolism is impaired in several medical conditions including psychiatric disorders, and this imbalance may be involved in the etiology of these diseases. The present study evaluated oxidative balance in pediatric and adolescent patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: The study included 48 children and adolescents (34 male, 14 female) with ADHD who had no neurological, systemic, or comorbid psychiatric disorders, with the exception of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and 24 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (17 male and seven female). RESULTS: TAS was significantly lower, and TOS and OSI were significantly higher in patients with ADHD than in healthy controls. Total antioxidant levels were lower in patients with comorbid ODD than in those with no comorbidity. No difference was found in TOS or OSI among the ADHD subtypes; however, TAS was higher in the attention-deficient subtype. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated that oxidative balance is impaired and oxidative stress is increased in children and adolescents with ADHD. This results are consistent with those of previous studies.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Humans , Male , Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Comorbidity , Metabolism , Oxidative StressABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder of the oral mucosa with unknown etiology. Oxidative stress (OS) is suggested to play a main role in the etiopathogenesis in RAS. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we hypothesize that a systemic OS is present in patients with RAS. METHODS: Forty-four patients with active RAS lesions and 38 healthy controls were being included in the study. Serum total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and paraoxonase 1 arylesterase (ARES) activity were being determined. RESULTS: RAS patients had significantly lower TAS levels and higher TOS and OSI values than controls. The patients had a lower ARES activity when compared to healthy controls. No correlations were observed between OS parameters and age, gender, duration of disease or frequency of RAS attacks per month. CONCLUSION: A systemic OS is determined with an imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant status and lower ARES activity in RAS. Systemic OS may have an important role in the pathogenesis of RAS formation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aryldialkylphosphatase , Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases , Mouth Mucosa , Oxidative Stress , Stomatitis, AphthousABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder of the oral mucosa with unknown etiology. Oxidative stress (OS) is suggested to play a main role in the etiopathogenesis in RAS. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we hypothesize that a systemic OS is present in patients with RAS. METHODS: Forty-four patients with active RAS lesions and 38 healthy controls were being included in the study. Serum total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and paraoxonase 1 arylesterase (ARES) activity were being determined. RESULTS: RAS patients had significantly lower TAS levels and higher TOS and OSI values than controls. The patients had a lower ARES activity when compared to healthy controls. No correlations were observed between OS parameters and age, gender, duration of disease or frequency of RAS attacks per month. CONCLUSION: A systemic OS is determined with an imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant status and lower ARES activity in RAS. Systemic OS may have an important role in the pathogenesis of RAS formation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aryldialkylphosphatase , Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases , Mouth Mucosa , Oxidative Stress , Stomatitis, AphthousABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the acute effect of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor on erectile dysfunction by evaluating serum oxidative status and prolidase activity. METHODS: Serum samples of 36 patients with erectile dysfunction and 30 control cases were analyzed for total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and prolidase activity, before and after the administration of tadalafil citrate. RESULTS: Before and after tadalafil citrate administration, serum total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and prolidase were 1.1+0.0 vs. 1.6 + 0.0 umol H2O2 Eq/L, 10.3+1.1 vs. 6.9 + 1.2 umol H2O2 Eq/L, and 236.4+19.5 vs. 228.2 + 19.2 U/L, respectively (p<0.0001 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of serum oxidative status and prolidase activity confirmed the beneficial acute effects of PDE5 inhibitor in patients with erectile dysfunction.